Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease
Volume 11, Issue 2 , Pages 184-191 , April 2004

Cardiovascular risk reduction and preservation of renal function in the early nephropathy patient

  • Peter A McCullough

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiology, Nutrition, and Preventive Medicine, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Peter A. McCullough, MD, MPH, Division of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, William Beaumont Hospital, 4949 Coolidge Highway, Royal Oak, MI 48073 USA

References 

  1. Lewis CE, Jacobs DR, McCreath H, et al.  Weight gain continues in the 1990s (10-year trends in weight and overweight from the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study). Am J Epidemiol. 2000;151:1172–1181
  2. Bakris GL, Williams M, Dworkin L, et al.  Preserving renal function in adults with hypertension and diabetes: A consensus approach. National Kidney Foundation Hypertension and Diabetes Executive Committees Working Group. Am J Kidney Dis. 2000;36:646–661
  3. McCullough PA. Cardiorenal risk (An important clinical intersection). Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2002;3:71–76
  4. Adler AI, Stevens RJ, Manley SE, et al.  Development and progression of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes (The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS 64)). Kidney Int. 2003;63:225–232
  5. National Kidney Foundation . Clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease (Evaluation, classification, and stratification). Am J Kid Disease. 2002;2(suppl 1):S46–S75
  6. McCullough PA, Soman SS, Shah SS, et al.  Risks associated with renal dysfunction in patients in the coronary care unit. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:679–684
  7. Beattie JN, Soman SS, Sandberg KR, et al.  Determinants of mortality after myocardial infarction in patients with advanced renal dysfunction. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;37:1191–1200
  8. Chertow GM, Lazarus JM, Christiansen CL, et al.  Preoperative renal risk stratification. Circulation. 1997;95:878–884
  9. Sarnak MJ, Levey AS, Schoolwerth AC, et al.  Kidney disease as a risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease (A statement from the American Heart Association Councils on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, High Blood Pressure Research, Clinical Cardiology, and Epidemiology and Prevention). Circulation. 2003;108:2154–2169
  10. Keane WF, Eknoyan G. Proteinuria, albuminuria, risk, assessment, detection, elimination (PARADE) (A position paper of the National Kidney Foundation). Am J Kidney Dis. 1999;33:1004–1010
  11. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al.  The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (The JNC 7 report). JAMA. 2003;289:2560–2572
  12. McCullough PA. Why is chronic kidney disease the “spoiler” for cardiovascular outcomes?. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41:725–728
  13. Szczech LA, Best PJ, Crowley E, et al.  Outcomes of patients with chronic renal insufficiency in the bypass angioplasty revascularization investigation. Circulation. 2002;105:2253–2258
  14. Toto R. Angiotensin II subtype 1 receptor blockers and renal function. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161:1492–1499
  15. Pitt B, Segal R, Martinez FA, et al.  Randomised trial of losartan versus captopril in patients over 65 with heart failure (Evaluation of Losartan in the Elderly Study, ELITE). Lancet. 1997;349:747–752
  16. Brenner BM, Cooper ME, de Zeeuw D, et al.  Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:861–869
  17. Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR, et al.  Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:851–860
  18. Parving HH, Lehnert H, Brochner-Mortensen J, et al.  The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:870–878
  19. Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, et al.  Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE) (A randomised trial against atenolol). Lancet. 2002;359:995–1003
  20. Mann JF, Gerstein HC, Pogue J, et al.  Renal insufficiency as a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes and the impact of ramipril (The HOPE randomized trial). Ann Intern Med. 2001;134:629–636
  21. Agodoa LY, Appel L, Bakris GL, et al.  Effect of ramipril vs amlodipine on renal outcomes in hypertensive nephrosclerosis (a randomized controlled trial). JAMA. 2001;285:2719–2728
  22. Wright JT, Bakris G, Greene T, et al.  Effect of blood pressure lowering and antihypertensive drug class on progression of hypertensive kidney disease (Results from the AASK trial). JAMA. 2002;288:2421–2431
  23. Jafar TH, Stark PC, Schmid CH, et al.  Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and progression of renal disease (Proteinuria as a modifiable risk factor for the progression of non-diabetic renal disease). Kidney Int. 2001;60:1131–1140
  24. Bakris GL, Weir MR, Shanifar S, et al.  Effects of blood pressure level on progression of diabetic nephropathy (results from the RENAAL study). Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:1555–1565
  25. Krijnen P, van Jaarsveld BC, Steyerberg EW, et al.  A clinical prediction rule for renal artery stenosis. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:705–711
  26. Fatica RA, Port FK, Young EW. Incidence trends and mortality in end-stage renal disease attributed to renovascular disease in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;37:1184–1190
  27. Weisman SM, Graham DY. Evaluation of the benefits and risks of low-dose aspirin in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162:2197–2202
  28. Winchester JF. Therapeutic uses of aspirin in renal diseases. Am J Kidney Dis. 1996;8(suppl 1):S20–S23
  29. Buemi M, Senatore M, Corica F, et al.  Statins and progressive renal disease. Med Res Rev. 2002;22:76–84
  30. Oda H, Keane WF. Recent advances in statins and the kidney. Kidney Int. 1999;71(suppl):S2–S5
  31. Executive summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285:2486–2497
  32. American Diabetes Association . Standards of medical care for patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(suppl 1):S33–S50
  33. Shlipak MG. Pharmacotherapy for heart failure in patients with renal insufficiency. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:917–924
  34. Schrier RW, Abraham WT. Hormones and hemodynamics in heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:577–585
  35. Weber KT. Aldosterone in congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:1689–1697
  36. Coresh J, Wei GL, McQuillan G, et al.  Prevalence of high blood pressure and elevated serum creatinine level in the United States (Findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994)). Arch Intern Med. 2001;161:1207–1216

PII: S1073-4449(04)00010-X

doi: 10.1053/j.arrt.2004.01.009

Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease
Volume 11, Issue 2 , Pages 184-191 , April 2004

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution