Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease
Volume 11, Issue 3 , Pages 304-309 , July 2004

Emergence of the concept of cardiovascular disease

  • Garabed Eknoyan

      Affiliations

    • Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to G. Eknoyan, MD, Department of Medicine (523-D), Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030-3498 USA

References 

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  2. Herrick JB. A Short History of Cardiology. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1942;
  3. Bynum WF, Lawrence C, Nutton W. The Emergence of Modern Cardiology. London, UK: Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine; 1985;
  4. Eknoyan G. Rufus of Ephesus and his “Diseases of the Kidneys”. Nephron. 2002;91:383–390
  5. Boyadjian N. The Heart, Its History, Its Symbolism, Its Iconography and Its Diseases. Antwerp, Belgium: Esco Books; 1985;
  6. Sutherland GA. Modern aspects of heart disease. Lancet. 1917;I:401–406
  7. Guthrie D. The evolution of cardiology. In:  Underwood EA editors. Science, Medicine and History. New York, NY: Arno Press; 1975;p. 508–517
  8. Bing RJ. Cardiology. The Evolution of the Science and Art. (ed 2). New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press; 1999;
  9. Eknoyan G. A history of edema and its management. Kidney Int. 1997;59(suppl 1):18–26
  10. Bishop LF, Neilson J. History of Cardiology. New York, NY: Medical Life Press; 1927;
  11. Cameron JS. Villain and victim (The kidney and high blood pressure in the nineteenth century). J Roy Coll Phys. 1999;33:382–394
  12. Eknoyan G. On the central role of studies on the kidney in the recognition, conceptual evolution and understanding of hypertension. Adv Chron Kidney Dis. 2004;11:192–196
  13. Smith LW, Weiss E, Lillie WI, et al.  Cardiovascular-Renal Disease. New York, NY: Appleton-Century; 1940;
  14. Postel-Vinay N. A Century of Arterial Hypertension 1886–1896. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 1996;
  15. Campbell JL, Eknoyan G. Francis Delafield (1841–1915) (the original contributions of an American investigator of the kidney). J Nephrol. 2003;16:79–84
  16. National Vital Statistics Report. Vol 50, No. 15, 2002 and Vol 49, No. 2, 2001
  17. National Kidney Foundation . K/DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chronic Kidney Disease (Evaluation, classification and stratification). Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;39(suppl 1):S1–S266
  18. Pagel W, Winder M. Harvey and the “modern” concept of disease. Bull Hist Med. 1968;42:496–509
  19. Schrier RW, Ecder T. Unifying hypothesis of body fluid volume regulation (Implications for cardiac failure and cirrhosis). Mount Sinai J Med. 2001;68:350–362
  20. Starling EH. Fluids of the Body. The Herter Lectures (New York, 1908). Chicago, IL: W.T. Keener & Co; 1909;
  21. Fishman AP, Richards DW. Circulation of the Blood. Men and Ideas. Bethesda, MD: American Physiological Society; 1982;
  22. Hort W. Arteriosclerosis (Its morphology in the past and today). Bas Res Cardiol. 1994;89(suppl 1):1–15
  23. Hank H, Lenz C, Finking G. The discovery of the pathophysiological aspects of atherosclerosis (A review). Acta Chir Belg. 2001;101:162–169
  24. Oxford English Dictionary. (ed 2). London: Oxford University Press; 1999;

PII: S1548-5595(04)00074-6

doi: 10.1053/j.arrt.2004.04.005

Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease
Volume 11, Issue 3 , Pages 304-309 , July 2004

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