Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease
Volume 11, Issue 4 , Pages 387-390 , October 2004

Informing patients of the risks and benefits of hormone replacement therapy: Nephrologists’ ethical obligation

  • Lynn R. Noland

      Affiliations

    • Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Lynn R. Noland, PhD, FNP, Division of Nephrology, Box 800133, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908

References 

  1. Women’s Health Initiative Study Group . Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women (Principal results from the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial) . JAMA . 2002;288:321–333
  2. Hulley S , Furberg C , Barrett-Connor E , et al.   Noncardiovascular disease outcomes during 6.8 years of hormone therapy (Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study follow-up (HERS II)) . JAMA . 2002;288:58–66
  3. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force . Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy for primary prevention of chronic conditions (Recommendations and rationale) . Ann Intern Med . 2002;137:834–839
  4. Alving B . NIH asks participants in Women’s Health Initiative estrogen alone study to stop study pills and begin follow up phase . NIH News . U.S. Dept of Health and Human Services: NHLBI; 2004; March 2
  5. Lo B . Resolving Ethical Dilemmas (A Guide for Clinicians) . (ed 2). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2002;
  6. Beauchamp TL , Childress JF . Principles of Biomedical Ethics . (ed 4). New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2000;
  7. Beauchamp TL . The four principles’ approach . In:  Raanan Gillon editors. Principles of Health Care Ethics . New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons; 1994;p. 4
  8. Henderson JL . Physician and patient as a social system . N Engl J Med . 1935;212:823
  9. Pelligrino E . In: For the Patients Good . New York, NY: Oxford; 1988;p. 10

PII: S1548-5595(04)00120-X

doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2004.07.007

Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease
Volume 11, Issue 4 , Pages 387-390 , October 2004