Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease
Volume 12, Issue 2 , Pages 187-195 , April 2005

Effects of statin therapy on the progression of chronic kidney disease

  • Samir Shah
    • ,
  • James Paparello
    • ,
  • Farhad R. Danesh

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Farhad R. Danesh, MD, Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Morton 10-440, Chicago, IL 60611.

References 

  1. Kasiske BL . Hyperlipidemia in patients with chronic renal disease . Am J Kidney Dis . 1998;32(suppl):S142–S156
  2. Palmer BF , Alpern RJ . Treating dyslipidemia to slow the progression of chronic renal failure . Am J Med . 2003;114:411–412
  3. Walter R , Mischak H , Haller H . Haemodialysis, atherosclerosis and inflammation-identifying molecular mechanisms of chronic vascular disease in ESRD patients . Nephrol Dial Transplant . 2000;17:24–29
  4. Baigent C , Wheeler DC . Should we reduce blood cholesterol to prevent cardiovascular disease among patients with chronic renal failure? . Nephrol Dial Transplant . 2000;15:1118–1119
  5. Tschope W , Koch M , Ritz E , et al.   Serum lipids predict cardiac death in diabetic patients on maintenance hemodialysis . Nephron . 1993;64:354–358
  6. Chen J , Munter P , Hamm LL , et al.   The metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease in U.S. adults . Ann Intern Med . 2004;140:167–174
  7. Vazquez-Perez S , Aragoncillo P , de las Heras N , et al.   Atorvastatin prevents glomerulosclerosis and renal endothelial dysfunction in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits . Nephrol Dial Transplant . 2001;16:40–44
  8. Fried LF , Orchard TJ , Kasiske BL . Effect of lipid reduction on the progression of renal disease (A meta-analysis) . Kidney Int . 2001;59:260–269
  9. Oda H , Keane WF . Recent advances in satins and the kidney . Kidney Int . 1999;71(suppl):S2–S5
  10. Bentley MD , Rodriguez-Porcel M , Lerman A , et al.   Enhanced renal cortical vascularization in experimental hypercholesterolemia . Kidney Int . 2002;61:1056–1063
  11. Chade AR , Rodriguez-Porcel M , Grande J , et al.   Distinct renal injury in early atherosclerosis and renovascular disease . Circulation . 2002;106:1165–1171
  12. Wilson SH , Chade AR , Lerman LO , et al.   Lipid-lowering-independent effects of simvastatin on the kidney in experimental hypercholesterolaemia . Nephrol Dial Transplant . 2003;18:703–709
  13. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group . MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals (A randomised placebo-controlled trial) . Lancet . 2002;360:7–22
  14. Athyros VG , Papageorgiou AA , Mercouris BR , et al.   Treatment with atorvastatin to the national cholesterol educational program goals versus usual care in secondary coronary heart disease prevention. The Greek atorvastatin and coronary-heart-disease evaluation (GREACE) study . Curr Med Res Opin . 2002;18:220–228
  15. Pedersen TR , Kjekshus J , Berg K , et al.   Cholesterol lowering and the use of healthcare resources (Results of the Scandinavian simvastatin survival study) . Circulation . 1996;93:1796–1802
  16. Gotto AM , Whitney E , Stein EA , et al.   relation between baseline and on-treatment lipid parameters and first acute major coronary events in the Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS) . Circulation . 2000;101:477–484
  17. Tonelli M , Moye L , Sacks FM , et al.   Effect of pravastatin on loss of renal function in people with moderate chronic renal insufficiency and cardiovascular disease . J Am Soc Nephrol . 2003;14:1605–1613
  18. Attman P-O , Samuelsson O , Alaupovic P . Lipoprotein metabolism and renal failure . Am J Kidney Dis . 1993;6:573–579
  19. Samuelsson O , Mulec H , Knight-Gibson C , et al.   Lipoprotein abnormalities are associated with increased rate of progression of human chronic renal insufficiency . Nephrol Dial Transplant . 1997;12:1908–1915
  20. Sahadevan M , Kasiske BL . Hyperlipidemia in kidney disease (Causes and consequences) . Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens . 2002;11:323–329
  21. Landray MJ , Thambyrajah J , McGlynn FJ , et al.   Epidemiological evaluation of known and suspected cardiovascular risk factors in chronic renal impairment . Am J Kidney Dis . 2001;38:537–546
  22. Go AS , Chertow GM , Fan D , et al.   Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization . N Engl J Med . 2004;351:1296–1305
  23. Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) Final Report . Circulation . 2002;106:3143
  24. Locatelli F , Pozzoni P , Del Vecchio L , et al.   Epidemiology of cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease . Nephrol Dial Transplant . 2003;18:2–9
  25. Lowrie EG , Lew NL . Death risk in hemodialysis patients (The predictive value of commonly measured variables and an evaluation of death rate differences between facilities) . Am J Kidney Dis . 1990;15:458–482
  26. Baigent C , Burbury K , Wheeler DC . Premature cardiovascular disease in chronic renal failure . Lancet . 2000;356:147–151
  27. Miskulin DC , Meyer KB , Levey AS , et al.   Comorbidity and other factors associated with modality selection in incident dialysis patients (the CHOICE study) . Am J Kidney Dis . 2002;39:324–336
  28. Lowrie EG , Lew NL . Commonly measured laboratory variables in hemodialysis patients (Relationships among them and to death risk) . Semin Nephrol . 1992;12:276–283
  29. Keane WF . Lipids and the kidney . Kidney Int . 1994;46:910–920
  30. Moorhead JF , Chan MK , El Nahas M , et al.   Lipid nephrotoxicity in chronic progressive glomerular and tubulo-interstitial diesase . Lancet . 1982;11:1309–1311
  31. Kasiske BL , Cleary MP , O’Donnell MP , et al.   Effects of genetic obesity on renal structure and function in the Zucker rat . J Lab Clin Med . 1985;106:598–604
  32. Kasiske BL , O’Donnell MP , Keane WF , et al.   Treatment of hyperlipidemia reduces glomerular injury in obese Zucker rats . Kidney Int . 1988;33:667–672
  33. Kasiske BL , O’Donnell MP , Cleary MP , et al.   Effects of reduced renal mass on tissue lipids and renal injury in hyperlipidemic rats . Kidney Int . 1989;35:40–47
  34. Kasiske BL , O’Donnell MP , Schmitz PG , et al.   Renal injury of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats . Kidney Int . 1990;37:880–891
  35. Keane WF , Kasiske BL , O’Donnell MP . Lipids and progressive glomerulosclerosis (A model analogous to atherosclerosis) . Am J Nephrol . 1988;8:261–271
  36. Hunsicker LG , Adler S , Caggiula A , et al.   Predictors of the progression of renal disease in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study . Kidney Int . 1997;51:1908–1919
  37. Seliger SL , Weiss NS , Gillen DL , et al.   HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are associated with reduced mortality in ESRD patients . Kidney Int . 2002;61:297–304
  38. Manttari M , Tiula E , Alikoski T , et al.   Effects of hypertension and dyslipidemia on the decline in renal function . Hypertension . 1995;26:670–675
  39. Schaeffner ES , Kurth T , Curhan GC , et al.   Cholesterol and the risk of renal dysfunction in apparently healthy men . J Am Soc Nephrol . 2003;14:2084–2091
  40. White CM . A review of the pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic aspects of rosuvastatin . J Clin Pharmacol . 2002;42:963–970
  41. Stern RH , Yang BB , Horton M , et al.   Renal dysfunction does not alter the pharmacokinetics or LDL-cholesterol reduction of atorvastatin . J Clin Pharmacol . 1997;37:816–819
  42. Stern RH , Yang BB , Hounslow NJ , et al.   Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships of atorvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor . J Clin Pharmacol . 2000;40:616–623
  43. Singhvi SM , Pan HY , Morrison RA , et al.   Disposition of pravastatin sodium, a tissue-selective HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, in healthy subjects . Br J Clin Pharmacol . 1990;29:239–243
  44. Hatanaka T . Clinical pharmacokinetics of pravastatin (Mechanisms of pharmacokinetic events) . Clin Pharmacokinet . 2000;39:397–412
  45. Agarwal R . Statin induced proteinuria (Renal injury or renoprotection?) . J Am Soc Nephrol . 2004;15:2502–2503
  46. Verhulst A , D’Haese PC , De Broe ME . Inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase reduce receptor-mediated endocytosis in human kidney proximal tubular cells . J Am Soc Nephrol . 2004;15:2249–2257
  47. Sidaway JE , Davidson RG , McTaggart F , et al.   Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase reduce receptor-mediated endocytosis in opossum kidney cells . J Am Soc Nephrol . 2004;15:2258–2265
  48. Buse J . Statin treatment in diabetes mellitus . Clin Diabetes . 2003;21:168–172
  49. Thompson PD , Clakson P , Karas RH . Statin-associated myopathy . JAMA . 2003;289:1681–1690
  50. Athyros VG , Papageorgiou AA , Elisaf M , et al.   Statins and renal function in patients with diabetes mellitus . Curr Med Res Opin . 2003;19:615–617
  51. Holdaas H , Fellstrom B , Pedersen TR , et al.   Effect of fluvastatin on cardiac outcomes in renal transplant recipients (A multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial) . Lancet . 2003;361:2024–2031
  52. Bianchi S , Bigazzi R , Caiazza A , et al.   A Controlled, prospective study of the effects of atorvastatin on proteinuria and progression of kidney disease . Am J Kidney Dis . 2003;41:565–570
  53. Baigent C , Landry M . Study of heart and renal protection (SHARP) . Kidney Int . 2003;84(suppl):S207–S210
  54. Wanner C , Krane V , Ritz E , et al.   Randomized controlled trial on the efficacy and safety of atorvastatin in patients with type 2 diabetes on hemodialysis (4D study) (demographic and baseline characteristics) . Kidney Blood Press Res . 2004;27:259–266
  55. Danesh FR , Sadeghi MM , Kanwar YS , et al.   3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase inhibitors prevent high glucose-induced proliferation of mesangial cells via modulation of Rho GTPase/ p21 signaling pathway (Implications for diabetic nephropathy) . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA . 2002;99:8301–8305
  56. Zeng L , Xu H , Danesh FR , et al.   Simvastatin modulates angiotensin II signaling pathway by preventing Rac1-mediated up-regulation of p27 . J Am Soc Nephrol . 2004;15:1711–1720
  57. Blanco-Colio LM , Villa A , Ortego M , et al.   3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, atorvastatin and simvastatin, induce apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells by downregulation of Bcl-2 expression and Rho A prenylation . Atherosclerosis . 2002;161:17–26
  58. Maeda T , Matsunuma A , Horiuchi N , et al.   Simvastatin promotes osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells . Biochem Biophys Res Commun . 2001;280:874–877
  59. Mattingly RR , Gibbs RA , Reiners JJ , et al.   Potent suppression of proliferation of a10 vascular smooth muscle cells by combined treatment with lovastatin and 3-allylfarnesol, an inhibitor of protein farnesyltransferase . J Pharmacol Exp Ther . 2002;303:74–81
  60. Park JK , Muller DN , Haller H , et al.   Cerivastatin prevents angiotensin II-induced renal injury independent of blood pressure- and cholesterol-lowering effects . Kidney Int . 2000;58:1420–1430
  61. O’Donnell MP , Kasiske BL , Keane WF , et al.   Lovastatin retards the progression of established glomerular disease in obese Zucker rats . Am J Kidney Dis . 1993;22:83–89
  62. Yoshimura A , Inui K , Ideura T , et al.   Simvastatin suppresses glomerular cell proliferation and macrophage infiltration in rats with mesangial proliferative nephritis . J Am Soc Nephrol . 1998;9:2027–2039

 Supported by grants from the NIH (RO1-DK 67604), and the American Diabetes Association (F.R.D.).

PII: S1548-5595(05)00031-5

doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2005.01.007

Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease
Volume 12, Issue 2 , Pages 187-195 , April 2005

Article Tools