Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease
Volume 14, Issue 3 , Pages 290-296 , July 2007

Should the Medicare ESRD Program Pay for Daily Dialysis? An Ethical Analysis

  • Priya Anantharaman

      Affiliations

    • Section of Nephrology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Priya Anantharaman, MD, Section of Nephrology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, PO Box 9165, Morgantown, WV 26506.
    • ,
  • Alvin H. Moss

      Affiliations

    • Section of Nephrology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
    • Center for Health Ethics and Law, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV.

References 

  1. US Renal Data System: USRDS 2006 Annual Data Report: Atlas of end-stage renal disease in the United States. Bethesda, MD, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Available at: http://www.usrds.org. Accessed October 2006.
  2. Goodkin DA, Bragg-Gresham JL, Koenig KG, et al. Association of comorbid conditions and mortality in hemodialysis patients in Europe, Japan, and the United States: The Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS). J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003;14:3270–3277
  3. National Kidney Foundation Dialysis Outcome Quality Initiative: NKF-DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Hemodialyisis Adequacy. New York, NY: National Kidney Foundation; 1997;
  4. US Renal Data System: USRDS 2005 Annual Data Report: Atlas of end-stage renal disease in the United States. Bethesda, MD, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Available at: http://www.usrds.org. Accessed October 2006.
  5. Kliger AS, Haley WE. Guidelines for treating patients with chronic renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999;10:872–877
  6. Reikes ST. Trends in end-stage renal disease: Epidemiology, morbidity, and mortality. Postgrad Med. 2000;108:124–142
  7. US Renal Data System: Annual Data Reports 2003, 2004, 2005, Bethesda, MD, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Available at: http://www.usrds.org. Accessed October 2006.
  8. Morbidity and mortality of dialysis. NIH Consens Statement Online 11:1-33, 1993. Available at http://consensus.nih.gov. Accessed October 2006.
  9. Wolfe RA, Ashby VB, Daugirdas JT, et al. Body size, dose of hemodialysis, and mortality. Am J Kidney Dis. 2000;35:80–88
  10. Port FK, Ashby VB, Dhingra RK, et al. Dialysis dose and body mass index are strongly associated with survival in hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002;13:1061–1066
  11. Eknoyan G, Beck GJ, Cheung AK, et al. Hemodialysis (HEMO) Study Group Effect of daily dialysis dose and membrane flux in maintenance hemodialysis. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:2010–2019
  12. Uldall PR, Francoeur R, Ouwendyk M. Simplified nocturnal home hemodialysis (SNHHD) (A new approach to renal replacement therapy). J Am Soc Nephrol. 1994;5:428;(abstr)
  13. Pierratos A, Ouwendyk M, Francoeur R, et al. Nocturnal hemodialysis: Three-year experience. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1998;9:859–868
  14. Suri RS, Nesrallah GE, Mainra R, et al. Daily hemodialysis: A systematic review. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;1:33–42
  15. Walsh M, Culleton B, Tonelli M, et al. A systematic review of the effect of nocturnal hemodialysis on blood pressure, left ventricular hypertrophy, anemia, mineral metabolism, and health-related quality of life. Kidney Int. 2005;67:1500–1508
  16. Kliger AS. Kliger for the Frequent Hemodialysis Network Study Group high frequency hemodialysis: Rationale for the randomized clinical trials. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;2:390–392
  17. McGregor DO, Buttimore AL, Lynn KL, et al. A comparative study of blood pressure control with short in-center versus long home hemodialysis. Blood Purif. 2001;19:293–300
  18. Oberley E, Schattell D. Home hemodialysis: Survival, quality of life and rehabilitation. Adv Ren Replace Ther. 1996;3:147–153
  19. Woods JD, Port FK, Stannard D, et al. Comparisons of mortality with home hemodialysis and center hemodialysis: A national study. Kidney Int. 1996;49:1464–1470
  20. Sackett DL, Rosenberg WM, Gray JA, et al. Evidence based medicine: What it is and what it isn’t. BMJ. 1996;312:71–72
  21. US Renal Data System: USRDS 2006 Annual Data Report: Atlas of End-Stage Renal Disease in the United States. Bethesda, MD, 2006, p 20
  22. Council of Ethical and Judicial Affairs: American Medical Association. 2.03. Allocation of Limited Medical Resources. In: Code of Medical Ethics: Current Opinions with Annotations 2004-2005 edition. Chicago, IL: AMA Press; 2004;p. 9–13
  23. Beauchamp TL, Childress JF. In: Principles of Biomedical Ethics. (ed 5). New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2001;p. 165–166
  24. Jonsen AR, Siegler M, Winslade WJ. In: Clinical Ethics: A Practical Approach to Ethical Decisions in Medicine. (ed 6). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2006;p. 1–11
  25. Neserallah G, Suri R, Moist L, et al. Volume control and blood pressure management in patients undergoing quotidian hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42:S13–S17
  26. Ting GO, Kjellstrand C, Freitas T, et al. Long-term study of high-comorbidity ESRD patients converted from conventional to short daily hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42:1020–1035
  27. Traeger J, Galland R, Delawari E, et al. Six years’ experience with short daily hemodialysis: Do the early improvements persist in the mid and long term?. Hemodial Int. 2004;8:151–158
  28. Woods JD, Port FK, Orzol S, et al. Clinical and biochemical correlates of starting “daily” hemodialysis. Kidney Int. 1995;55:2467–2476
  29. Goldfarb-Rumyantzev AS, Leypoldt JK, Nelson N, et al. A crossover study of short daily haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2006;21:166–175
  30. Nesrallah G, Bergman A, Heidenheim AP, et al. Short-hours daily and slow nocturnal hemodialysis improve blood pressure control: Are the mechanisms the same?. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2001;12:273;(abstr)
  31. Fagugli RM, Reboldi G, Quintaliani G, et al. Short daily hemodialysis: Blood pressure control and left ventricular mass reduction in hypertensive hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;38:371–376
  32. Chan C, Flora JS, Miller JA, et al. Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy after conversion to nocturnal hemodialysis. Kid Int. 2002;61:2235–2239
  33. Suri R, Depner TA, Blake PG, et al. Adequacy of quotidian hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42:42–48
  34. Mucsi I, Hercz G, Uldall R, et al. Control of serum phosphate without any phosphate binders in patients treated with nocturnal hemodialysis. Kidney Int. 1998;53:1399–1404
  35. Raj DS, Ouwendyk M, Francoeur R, et al. Beta(2)-microglobulin kinetics in nocturnal haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2000;15:58–64
  36. Woods JD, Port FK, Orzol S, et al. Clinical and biochemical correlates of starting “daily” hemodialysis. Kidney Int. 1999;55:2467–2476
  37. Andre MB, Rembold SM, Pereira CM, et al. Prospective evaluation of an in-center daily hemodialysis program: Results of two years of treatment. Am J Nephrol. 2002;22:473–479
  38. Fagugli RM, Buoncristiani U, Ciao G. Anemia and blood pressure correction obtained by daily hemodialysis induce a reduction of left ventricular hypertrophy in dialysed patients. Int J Artif Organs. 1998;21:429–431
  39. Piccoli GB, Mezza E, Quaglia M, et al. Flexibility as an implementation strategy for a daily dialysis program. J Nephrol. 2003;16:365–372
  40. Rao M, Muirhead N, Klarenbach S, et al. Management of anemia with quotidian hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42:18–22
  41. Galland R, Traeger J, Arkouche W, et al. Short daily hemodialysis and nutritional status. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;37:S95–S98
  42. Lindsay R Daily/Nocturnal Dialysis Study Group. The London, Ontario, daily/nocturnal hemodialysis study. Semin Dial. 2004;17:85–91
  43. Shaldon S. Independence in maintenance haemodialysis. Lancet. 1968;1:520–522
  44. Lockridge RS, Spencer M, Craft V, et al. Nocturnal home hemodialysis in North America. Adv Ren Replace Ther. 2001;8:250–256
  45. Kelly TD. Baxter aurora dialysis system. Semin Dial. 2004;17:154–155
  46. Trewin E. Bellco Formula Domus Home Care System. Semin Dial. 2004;17:156–158
  47. Winslow GR. In: Triage and Justice. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press; 1980;p. 65
  48. Beauchamp TL, Childress JF. In: Principles of Biomedical Ethics. (ed 5). New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2001;p. 165–167
  49. Wolfe RA, Ashby VB, Daugirdas JT, et al. Body size, dose of hemodialysis, and mortality. Am J Kidney Dis. 2000;35:80–88
  50. Schnuelle P, Lorenz D, Trede M, et al. Impact of renal cadaveric transplantation on survival in end-stage renal failure: Evidence for reduced mortality risk compared with hemodialysis during long-term follow-up. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1998;9:2135–2141
  51. Port FK, Wolfe RA, Mauger EA, et al. Comparison of survival probabilities for dialysis patients vs cadaveric renal transplant recipients. JAMA. 1993;15:1339–1343
  52. Wolfe RA, Ashby VB, Milford EL, et al. Comparison of mortality in all patients on dialysis, patients on dialysis awaiting transplantation, and recipients of a first cadaveric transplant. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:1725–1730
  53. Danovitch GM, Cohen DJ, Weir MR, et al. Current status of kidney and pancreas transplantation in the United States, 1994-2003. Am J Transplant. 2005;5:904–915
  54. Meier-Kriesche HU, Ojo AO, Port FK, et al. Survival improvement among patients with end-stage renal disease: Trends over time for transplant recipients and wait-listed patients. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2001;12:1293–1296
  55. Jonsen AR, Siegler M, Winslade WJ. In: Clinical Ethics: A Practical Approach to Ethical Decisions in Medicine. (ed 6). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2006;p. 16
  56. Jonsen AR, Siegler M, Winslade WJ. In: Clinical Ethics: A Practical Approach to Ethical Decisions in Medicine. (ed 6). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2006;p. 109
  57. Beauchamp TL, Childress JF. In: Principles of Biomedical Ethics. (ed 5). New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2001;p. 209
  58. Mohr PE, Neumann PJ, Franco SJ, et al. The case for daily dialysis: Its impact on costs and quality of life. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;37:777–789
  59. McPhatter LL, Lockridge RSJ, Albert J, et al. Nightly home hemodialysis: Improvement in nutrition and quality of life. Adv Ren Replace Ther. 1999;6:358–365
  60. Brissenden JE, Pierratos A, Ouwendyk M, et al. Improvements in quality of life with nocturnal hemodialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1998;9:168;(abstr)
  61. Heidenheim AP, Muirhead N, Moist L, et al. Patient quality of life on quotidian hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42:36–41
  62. Pinciaroli AR. Results of daily hemodialysis in Catanzaro: A 12-year experience with 22 patients treated for more than 1 year. Home Hemodial Int. 1998;2:12–17
  63. Hanly PJ, Pierratos A. Improvement of sleep apnea in patients with chronic renal failure who undergo nocturnal hemodialysis. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:102–107
  64. Jonsen AR, Siegler M, Winslade WJ. In: Clinical Ethics: A Practical Approach to Ethical Decisions in Medicine. (ed 6). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2006;p. 8
  65. McFarlane PA. Reducing hemodialysis costs: Conventional and quotidian home hemodialysis in Canada. Semin Dial. 2004;17:118–124
  66. McFarlane PA, Pierratos A, Redelmeier DA. Cost savings of home nocturnal versus conventional in-center hemodialysis. Kidney Int. 2002;62:2216–2222
  67. Pierratos A, Francoeur R, Ouwendyk M. Delayed dialyzer reproducing for home hemodialysis. Home Hemodial. 2000;4:51–54
  68. Pierratos A. Nocturnal home haemodialysis: An update on a 5-year experience. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1999;14:2835–2840
  69. Hoy CD. Remote monitoring of daily nocturnal hemodialysis. Hemodialysis Int. 2001;4:8–12
  70. Heidenheim AP, Leitch R, Kortas C, et al. Patient monitoring in the London Daily/Nocturnal Hemodialysis Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42:61–65
  71. Pierratos A. Daily nocturnal home hemodialysis. Kidney Int. 2004;65:1975–1986

PII: S1548-5595(07)00045-6

doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2007.03.001

Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease
Volume 14, Issue 3 , Pages 290-296 , July 2007

Article Tools