Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease
Volume 14, Issue 3 , Pages e10-e16 , July 2007

Dry Weight: Sine Qua Non of Adequate Dialysis

References 

  1. Scribner BH, Buri R, Caner JE, et al. The treatment of chronic uremia by means of intermittent hemodialysis: A preliminary report. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs. 1960;6:114–122
  2. Lindholm DD, Burnell JM, Murray JS. Experience in the treatment of chronic uremia in an outpatient community hemodialysis center. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs. 1963;9:3–9
  3. Ritz E, Scribner BH, Buri R, Caner JE, et al. The treatment of chronic uremia by means of intermittent hemodialysis: A preliminary report. 1960. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1998;9:719–726discussion 719-726
  4. Gotch FA, Sargent JA. A mechanistic analysis of the National Cooperative Dialysis Study (NCDS). Kidney Int. 1985;28:526–534
  5. Hull AR, Parker TF. Proceedings from the morbidity, mortality and prescription of dialysis symposium, Dallas, Texas, September 1989: introduction and summary. Am J Kidney Dis. 1990;15:375–383
  6. Held PJ, Levin NW, Bovbjerg RR, et al. Mortality and duration of hemodialysis treatment. JAMA. 1991;265:871–875
  7. Renal Physician’s Association Clinical Practice Guideline Working Committee: Renal Physician’s Association. Practice Guideline on Adequacy of Hemodialysis. Clinical Practice Guideline, Number 1. Dubuque, IA, Kendall/Hunt Publishing, 1996
  8. Hemodialysis Adequacy Work Group. NKF-DOQI clinical practice guidelines for hemodialysis adequacy. Am J Kidney Dis. 1997;30(suppl 2):S15–S66
  9. Guyton AC, Coleman TG, Young DB, et al. Salt balance and long-term blood pressure control. Annu Rev Med. 1980;31:15–27
  10. Katzarski KS, Randmaa I, Bergstrom J. Influence of hemodialysis on intravascular volume and vasoactive hormones. Clin Nephrol. 1999;52:304–311
  11. Wang X, Axelsson J, Lindholm B, et al. Volume status and blood pressure in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. Blood Purif. 2005;23:373–378
  12. Fagugli RM, Pasini P, Quintaliani G, et al. Association between extracellular water, left ventricular mass and hypertension in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003;18:2332–2338
  13. Foley RN, Parfrey PS, Harnett JD, et al. The prognostic importance of left ventricular geometry in uremic cardiomyopathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1995;5:2024–2031
  14. Chien S, Li S, Shyy YJ. Effects of mechanical forces on signal transduction and gene expression in endothelial cells. Hypertension. 1998;31:162–169
  15. Fagugli RM, Reboldi G, Quintaliani G, et al. Short daily hemodialysis: Blood pressure control and left ventricular mass reduction in hypertensive hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;38:371–376
  16. Fagugli RM, Pasini P, Pasticci F, et al. Effects of short daily hemodialysis and extended standard hemodialysis on blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy: A comparative study. J Nephrol. 2006;19:77–83
  17. Leypoldt JK, Cheung AK, Delmez JA, et al. Relationship between volume status and blood pressure during chronic hemodialysis. Kidney Int. 2002;61:266–275
  18. Lopez-Gomez JM, Villaverde M, Jofre R, et al. Interdialytic weight gain as a marker of blood pressure, nutrition, and survival in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int Suppl. 2005;S63–S68
  19. Rahman M, Fu P, Sehgal AR, et al. Interdialytic weight gain, compliance with dialysis regimen, and age are independent predictors of blood pressure in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2000;35:257–265
  20. Luik AJ, Gladziwa U, Kooman JP, et al. Influence of interdialytic weight gain on blood pressure in hemodialysis patients. Blood Purif. 1994;12:259–266
  21. Savage T, Fabbian F, Giles M, et al. Interdialytic weight gain and 48-h blood pressure in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1997;12:2308–2311
  22. Testa A, Beaud JM. The other side of the coin: Interdialytic weight gain as an index of good nutrition. Am Kidney Dis. 1998;31:830–834
  23. Szczech LA, Reddan DN, Klassen PS, et al. Interactions between dialysis-related volume exposures, nutritional surrogates and mortality among ESRD patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003;18:1585–1591
  24. Sezer S, Ozdemir FN, Arat Z, et al. The association of interdialytic weight gain with nutritional parameters and mortality risk in hemodialysis patients. Ren Fail. 2002;24:37–48
  25. Kimmel PL, Varela MP, Peterson RA, et al. Interdialytic weight gain and survival in hemodialysis patients: Effects of duration of ESRD and diabetes mellitus. Kidney Int. 2000;57:1141–1151
  26. Saran R, Bragg-Gresham JL, Rayner HC, et al. Nonadherence in hemodialysis: Associations with mortality, hospitalization, and practice patterns in the DOPPS. Kidney Int. 2003;64:254–262
  27. Vicente-Martinez M, Martinez-Ramirez L, Munoz R, et al. Inflammation in patients on peritoneal dialysis is associated with increased extracellular fluid volume. Arch Med Res. 2004;35:220–224
  28. Cheng LT, Tang W, Wang T. Strong association between volume status and nutritional status in peritoneal dialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2005;45:891–902
  29. Avila-Diaz M, Ventura MD, Valle D, et al. Inflammation and extracellular volume expansion are related to sodium and water removal in patients on peritoneal dialysis. Perit Dial Int. 2006;26:574–580
  30. Ortega O, Gallar P, Munoz M, et al. Association between C-reactive protein levels and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in pre-dialysis patients. Nephron Clin Pract. 2004;97:c125–c130
  31. Davenport A. Audit of the effect of dialysate sodium concentration on inter-dialytic weight gains and blood pressure control in chronic haemodialysis patients. Nephron Clin Pract. 2006;104:c120–c125
  32. Levin NW, Zhu F, Keen ML. Interdialytic weight gain and dry weight. Blood Purif. 2001;19:217–221
  33. Song JH, Lee SW, Suh CK, et al. Time-averaged concentration of dialysate sodium relates with sodium load and interdialytic weight gain during sodium-profiling hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;40:291–301
  34. Keen ML. The sodium “setpoint”: The relationship to interdialytic weight gain and blood pressure in hemodialysis patients (PhD dissertation). San Fransisco, CA: University of California; 1997;
  35. Sang GL, Kovithavongs C, Ulan R, et al. Sodium ramping in hemodialysis: A study of beneficial and adverse effects. Am J Kidney Dis. 1997;29:669–677
  36. Wells M, Foroozan R. Transient visual loss may anticipate occipital infarction from hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2004;43:e29–e33
  37. Davenport A. Intradialytic complications during hemodialysis. Hemodial Int. 2006;10:162–167
  38. Fox SD, Henderson LW. Cardiovascular response during hemodialysis and hemofiltration: Thermal, membrane, and catecholamine influences. Blood Purif. 1993;11:224–236
  39. Barnas MG, Boer WH, Koomans HA. Hemodynamic patterns and spectral analysis of heart rate variability during dialysis hypotension. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999;10:2577–2584
  40. Zucchelli P, Zuccala A, Sturani A, et al. Hypertension in end-stage renal failure: Role of sympathetic nervous system, sodium balance and renal pressor system. Life Support Syst. 1983;1:101–111
  41. Leenen FH. Cardiovascular consequences of sympathetic hyperactivity. Can J Cardiol. 1999;15(suppl A):2A–7A
  42. Saran R, Bragg-Gresham JL, Levin NW, et al. Longer treatment time and slower ultrafiltration in hemodialysis: Associations with reduced mortality in the DOPPS. Kidney Int. 2006;69:1222–1228
  43. Li Z, Lacson E, Lowrie EG, et al. The epidemiology of systolic blood pressure and death risk in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2006;48:606–615
  44. Virga G, Stomaci B, Munaro A, et al. Systolic and diastolic function in renal replacement therapy: A cross-sectional study. J Nephrol. 2006;19:155–160
  45. Ritz E, Dikow R, Morath C, et al. Salt—A potential ’uremic toxin’?. Blood Purif. 2006;24:63–66
  46. Kitiyakara C, Chabrashvili T, Chen Y, et al. Salt intake, oxidative stress, and renal expression of NADPH oxidase and superoxide dismutase. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003;14:2775–2782
  47. Titze J, Shakibaei M, Schafflhuber M, et al. Glycosaminoglycan polymerization may enable osmotically inactive Na+ storage in the skin. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2004;287:H203–H208
  48. Charra B. From adequate to optimal dialysis long 3 × 8 hr dialysis: A reasonable compromise. Nefrologia. 2005;25(suppl 2):19–24
  49. de Paula FM, Peixoto AJ, Pinto LV, et al. Clinical consequences of an individualized dialysate sodium prescription in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2004;66:1232–1238
  50. Ozkahya M, Ok E, Cirit M, et al. Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in haemodialysis patients by ultrafiltration and reduced salt intake without antihypertensive drugs. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1998;13:1489–1493
  51. Gunal AI, Duman S, Ozkahya M, et al. Strict volume control normalizes hypertension in peritoneal dialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;37:588–593
  52. Ozkahya M, Ok E, Toz H, et al. Long-term survival rates in haemodialysis patients treated with strict volume control. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2006;21:3506–3513
  53. Chrysant GS, Bakir S, Oparil S. Dietary salt reduction in hypertension—What is the evidence and why is it still controversial?. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1999;42:23–38
  54. Kouw PM, Kooman JP, Cheriex EC, et al. Assessment of postdialysis dry weight: A comparison of techniques. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1993;4:98–104
  55. Lee JA, Kim DH, Yoo SJ, et al. Association between serum n-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide concentration and left ventricular dysfunction and extracellular water in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. Perit Dial Int. 2006;26:360–365
  56. Leunissen KM, Menheere PP, Cheriex EC, et al. Plasma alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide and volume status in chronic haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1989;4:382–386
  57. Kraemer M, Rode C, Wizemann V. Detection limit of methods to assess fluid status changes in dialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2006;69:1609–1620
  58. Chamney PW, Kramer M, Rode C, et al. A new technique for establishing dry weight in hemodialysis patients via whole body bioimpedance. Kidney Int. 2002;61:2250–2258
  59. Piccoli A, Rossi B, Pillon L, et al. A new method for monitoring body fluid variation by bioimpedance analysis: the RXc graph. Kidney Int. 1994;46:534–539
  60. Guyton AC, Hull JE. The Body fluid compartments: extracellular and intracellular fluid; interstitial fluid and edema. In:  Guyton AC,  Hull JE editor. Textbook of Medical Physiology. (ed 10). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2000;p. 276
  61. Zhu F, Sarkar S, Kaitwatcharachai C, et al. Methods and reproducibility of measurement of resistivity in the calf using regional bioimpedance analysis. Blood Purif. 2003;21:131–136
  62. Zhu F, Kuhlmann MK, Sarkar S, et al. Adjustment of dry weight in hemodialysis patients using intradialytic continuous multifrequency bioimpedance of the calf. Int J Artif Organs. 2004;27:104–109
  63. Zhu F, Kuhlmann MK, Kaysen GA, et al. Segment-specific resistivity improves body fluid volume estimates from bioimpedance spectroscopy in hemodialysis patients. J Appl Physiol. 2006;100:717–724

PII: S1548-5595(07)00047-X

doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2007.03.003

Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease
Volume 14, Issue 3 , Pages e10-e16 , July 2007

Article Tools