Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease
Volume 14, Issue 3 , Pages e27-e34 , July 2007

Early Start Peritoneal Dialysis

  • Carol A. Pollock

      Affiliations

    • Department of Renal Medicine, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Carol Pollock, MD, University of Sydney, Department of Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
  • ,
  • Bruce A. Cooper

      Affiliations

    • Department of Renal Medicine, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
  • ,
  • David C. Harris

      Affiliations

    • Department of Renal Medicine, Millenium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Wentworthville, NSW, Australia.

References 

  1. McCusker FX, Teehan BP, Thorpe KE, et al. Canada-USA (CANUSA) Peritoneal Dialysis Study Group How much peritoneal dialysis is required for the maintenance of a good nutritional state?. Kidney Int. 1996;56(suppl):S56–S61
  2. Tattersall J, Greenwood R, Farrington K. Urea kinetics and when to commence dialysis. Am J Nephrol. 1995;15:283–289
  3. Bonomini V, Feletti C, Scolari MP, et al. Benefits of early initiation of dialysis. Kidney Int. 1985;17(suppl):S57–S59
  4. Bonomini V, Feletti C, Stefoni S, et al. Early dialysis and renal transplantation. Nephron. 1986;44:267–271
  5. Jungers P, Zingraff J, Albouze G, et al. Late referral to maintenance dialysis: Detrimental consequences. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1993;8:1089–1093
  6. Sesso R, Belasco AG. Late diagnosis of chronic renal failure and mortality on maintenance dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1996;11:2417–2420
  7. Traynor JP, Simpson K, Geddes CC, et al. Early initiation of dialysis fails to prolong survival in patients with end-stage renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002;13:2125–2132
  8. Cooper BA, Branley P, Bulfone L, et al. The Initiating Dialysis Early and Late (IDEAL) study: Study rational and design. Perit Dial Int. 2004;24:176–181
  9. NKF-DOQI: Clinical practice guidelines and clinical practice recommendations for diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 2007;49(suppl 2):S12–S154
  10. The initiation of dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2005;20(suppl 9):ix3–ix7
  11. Churchill DN, Blake PG, Jindal KK, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for initiation of dialysis (Canadian Society of Nephrology). J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999;10(suppl):S289–S291
  12. Kelly J, Stanley M, Harris D. The CARI Guidelines: Acceptance into Dialysis Guidelines. Nephrology. 2005;10(suppl 4):S46–S60
  13. Obrador GT, Arora P, Kausz AT, et al. Level of renal function at the initiation of dialysis in the U.S. end-stage renal disease population. Kidney Int. 1999;56:2227–2235
  14. Russ GR: ANZDATA Registry Report 2000. Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry; Woodville, South Australia.
  15. Churchill DN, Taylor DW, Keshiviah PR Canada-USA (CANUSA) peritoneal dialysis study group. Adequacy of dialysis and nutrition in continuous peritoneal dialysis: Association with clinical outcomes. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1996;7:198–207
  16. Kazmi WH, Gilbertson DT, Obrador GT, et al. Effect of co-morbidity on the increased mortality associated with early initiation of dialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2005;46:887–896
  17. Beddhu S, Samore M, Roberts M, et al. Impact of timing of initiation of dialysis on mortality. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003;142:305–312
  18. Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB, et al. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: A new prediction equation. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:461–470
  19. Pollock CA, Ibels LS, Zhu FY, et al. Protein intake in renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1997;8:777–783
  20. Cooper BA, Aslani A, Ryan M, et al. Nutritional state correlates with renal function at the start of dialysis. Perit Dial Int. 2003;23:291–295
  21. Keshaviah PR, Emmerson PF, Nolph KD. Timely initiation of dialysis: A urea kinetic approach. Am J Kidney Dis. 1999;33:344–348
  22. Mehrotra R, Nolph KD. Treatment of advanced renal failure: Low protein diets or timely initiation of dialysis?. Kidney Int. 2000;28:1381–1388
  23. Jansen MAM, Korevaar JC, Dekker FW, et al. NECOSAD Study Group Renal function and nutritional status at the start of chronic dialysis treatment. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2001;12:157–163
  24. McLaughlin K, Manns B, Donaldson C, et al. An economic evaluation of early versus late referral of patients with progressive renal insufficiency. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;38:1122–1128
  25. Termorshuizen F, Korevaar JC, Dekker FW, et al. NECOSAD Study Group Time trends in the initiation and dose of dialysis in end-stage renal disease patients in The Netherlands. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003;18:552–558
  26. Mehrotra R, Lee J, Elivera H, et al. Trends in initiation of dialysis in an urban dialysis clinic in the United States: A long way from dialysis outcomes quality initiatives. Adv Perit Dial. 1999;15:138–143
  27. Korevaar JC, Jansen MA, Dekker FW, et al. Evaluation of DOQI guidelines: Early start of dialysis treatment is not associated with better health-related quality of life. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;39:108–115
  28. Seikaly MG, Salhab N, Browne R. Patterns and time of initiation of dialysis in US children. Pediatr Nephrol. 2005;20:982–988
  29. Szeto CC, Lai KN, Wong TY, et al. Independent effects of residual renal function and dialysis adequacy on nutritional status and patient outcome in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 1999;34:1056–1064
  30. Merkus MP, Jager KJ, Dekker FW, et al. The NECOSAD Study Group Predictors of poor outcome in chronic dialysis patients (The Netherlands Cooperative Study on the Adequacy of Dialysis). Am J Kidney Dis. 2000;35:69–79
  31. Lysaght MJ, Vonesh EF, Gotch F, et al. The influence of dialysis treatment modality on the decline of remaining renal function. ASAIO Trans. 1991;37:598–604
  32. Jansen MA, Hart AA, Korevaar JC, et al. NECOSAD Study Group Predictors of the rate of decline of residual renal function in incident dialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2002;62:1046–1053
  33. Hufnagel G, Michel C, Queffeulou G, et al. The influence of automated peritoneal dialysis on the decrease in residual renal function. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1999;14:1224–1228
  34. Banli O, Altun H, Oztemel A. Early start of CAPD with the Seldinger technique. Perit Dial Int. 2005;25:556–569
  35. Zaman F, Pervez A, Atray NK, et al. Flouroscopy-assisted placement of peritoneal dialysis catheters by nephrologists. Semin Dial. 2005;18:247–251
  36. Ogunc G. Minilaparoscopic extraperitoneal tunneling with omentopexy: A new technique for CAPD catheter placement. Perit Dial Int. 2005;25:551–555
  37. Heaf JG, Lokkegaard H, Madsen M. Initial survival advantage of peritoneal dialysis relative to haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002;17:112–117
  38. Shahab I, Khanna R, Nolph KD. Peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis? (A dilemma for the nephrologist). Adv Perit Dial. 2006;22:180–185
  39. Burkart JM. Clinical experience: How much earlier should patients really start renal replacement therapy?. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1998;9(suppl 12):S118–S123
  40. Huisman RM. The deadly risk of late referral. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004;19:2175–2180
  41. Kessler M, Frimat L, Panescu V, et al. Impact of nephrology referral on early and midterm outcomes in ESRD (EPidemiologie de l’Insuffisance REnale chronique terminale en Lorraine (EPIREL): Results of a 2-year, prospective, community-based study). Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42:474–485
  42. Winkelmayer WC, Owen W, Levin R, et al. A propensity analysis of late versus early referral and mortality on dialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003;14:486–492
  43. Lin CL, Chuang FR, Wu CF, et al. Early referral as an independent predictor of clinical outcome in end-stage renal disease on HD and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: A case control study. Am J Kidney Dis. 1995;25:276–280
  44. Stack AG. Impact of timing of nephrology referral and pre-ESRD care on mortality risk among new ESRD patients in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;41:310–318
  45. Roderick P, Jones C, Drey N, et al. Late referral for end-stage renal disease: A region-wide survey in the south west of England. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002;17:1252–1259
  46. Lin CL, Wu MS, Hsu PY, et al. Improvement of clinical outcome by early nephrology referral in type II diabetic on hemodialysis. Ren Fail. 2003;25:455–464
  47. Bradbury BD, Fissell RB, Albert JM, et al. Predictors of early mortality among incident US hemodialysis patients in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS). Clin J Am J Nephrol. 2007;2:89–99
  48. Sabath E, Vega O, Correa-Rotter R. Early referral to the nephrologist: Impact on initial hospitalization and the first 6 months of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Rev Invest Clin. 2003;55:489–493
  49. Cass A, Cunningham J, Arnold PC, et al. Delayed referral to a nephrologist: Outcomes among patients who survive at least one year on dialysis. Med J Aust. 2002;177:135–138
  50. Cass A, Cunningham J, Snelling P, et al. Late referral to a nephrologist reduces access to renal transplantation. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42:1043–1049
  51. Sprangers B, Evenepoel P, Vanrenterghem Y. Late referral of patients with chronic kidney disease: No time to waste. Mayo Clin Proc. 2006;81:1487–1494
  52. Russ GR. 29th Annual Report of the Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry. 2006;Adelaide, South Australia
  53. Khan SS, Xue JL, Kazmi WH, et al. Does predialysis nephrology care influence patient survival after initiation of dialysis. Kidney Int. 2005;67:1038–1046
  54. Schwenger V, Morath C, Hofmann A, et al. Late referral—a major cause of poor outcome in the very elderly dialysis patient. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2006;21:962–967
  55. Cass A, Cunningham J, Snelling P, et al. Urban disadvantage and delayed nephrology referral in Australia. Health Place. 2003;9:175–182
  56. Avorn J, Bohn RL, Levy E, et al. In: Nephrologist care and mortality in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. 162:2002;p. 2002–2006
  57. Jander A, Nowicki M, Tkaczyk M, et al. Does a late referral to a nephrologist constitute a problem in children starting renal replacement therapy in Poland? (A nationwide study). Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2006;21:957–961
  58. Obrador GT, Ruthazer R, Arora P, et al. Prevalence of and factors associated with suboptimal care before initiation of dialysis in the United States. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999;10:1793–1800
  59. Valderrabano F, Horl WH, Macdougall I, et al. Predialysis survey on anaemia management. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003;18:89–100
  60. Ravani P, Marinangeli G, Stacchiotti L, et al. Structured pre-dialysis programs: More than just timely referral. J Nephrol. 2003;16:862–869
  61. Lhotta K, Zoebl M, Mayer G, et al. Late referral defined by renal function: Association with morbidity and mortality. J Nephrol. 2003;16:855–861
  62. Dogan E, Erkoc R, Sayarlioglu H, et al. Effects of late referral to a nephrologist in patients with chronic renal failure. Nephrology. 2005;10:516–519
  63. Kinchen KS, Sadler J, Fink N, et al. The timing of specialist evaluation in chronic kidney disease and mortality. Ann Int Med. 2002;137:479–486
  64. Ortega T, Ortega F, Diaz-Corte C, et al. The timely construction of arteriovenous fistulae: A key to reducing morbidity and mortality and to improving cost management. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2005;20:598–603
  65. Lee W, Campoy S, Smits G, et al. Effectiveness of a chronic kidney disease clinic in achieving K/DOQI guideline targets at initiation of dialysis—a single centre experience. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2007;22:833–838
  66. Levin A, Lewis M, Mortiboy P, et al. Multidisciplinary predialysis programs: quantification and limitations of their impact on patient outcomes in two Canadian settings. Am J Kidney Dis. 1997;29:533–540
  67. Owen JE, Walker RJ, Edgell L, et al. Implementation of a pre-dialysis clinical pathway for patients with chronic kidney disease. Int J Qual Health Care. 2006;18:145–151

PII: S1548-5595(07)00058-4

doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2007.04.004

Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease
Volume 14, Issue 3 , Pages e27-e34 , July 2007