Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease
Volume 16, Issue 2 , Pages 94-100 , March 2009

Hyporesponsiveness to Erythropoietin: Causes and Management

References 

  1. Del VL, Pozzoni P, Andrulli S, et al. Inflammation and resistance to treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin. J Ren Nutr. 2005;15:137–141
  2. Kalantar-Zadeh K, Ikizler TA, Block G, et al. Malnutrition-inflammation complex syndrome in dialysis patients: Causes and consequences. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42:864–881
  3. Kalantar-Zadeh K, McAllister CJ, Lehn RS, et al. Effect of malnutrition-inflammation complex syndrome on EPO hyporesponsiveness in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42:761–773
  4. Kalantar-Zadeh K, Rodriguez RA, Humphreys MH. Association between serum ferritin and measures of inflammation, nutrition and iron in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004;19:141–149
  5. Agarwal R, Davis JL, Smith L. Serum albumin is strongly associated with erythropoietin sensitivity in hemodialysis patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;3:98–104
  6. Keithi-Reddy SR, Addabbo F, Patel TV, et al. Association of anemia and erythropoiesis stimulating agents with inflammatory biomarkers in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2008;74:782–790
  7. Szczech LA, Barnhart HX, Inrig JK, et al. Secondary analysis of the CHOIR trial epoetin-alpha dose and achieved hemoglobin outcomes. Kidney Int. 2008;74:791–798
  8. Rahmati MA, Craig RG, Homel P, et al. Serum markers of periodontal disease status and inflammation in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;40:983–989
  9. Kadiroglu AK, Kadiroglu ET, Sit D, et al. Periodontitis is an important and occult source of inflammation in hemodialysis patients. Blood Purif. 2006;24:400–404
  10. Kreuzer KA, Rockstroh JK, Jelkmann W, et al. Inadequate erythropoietin response to anaemia in HIV patients: relationship to serum levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and their soluble receptors. Br J Haematol. 1997;96:235–239
  11. Kreuzer KA, Rockstroh JK. Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of anemia in HIV infection. Ann Hematol. 1997;75:179–187
  12. Sipsas NV, Kokori SI, Ioannidis JP, et al. Circulating autoantibodies to erythropoietin are associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1-related anemia. J Infect Dis. 1999;180:2044–2047
  13. Mimic-Oka J, Simic T, Djukanovic L, et al. Alteration in plasma antioxidant capacity in various degrees of chronic renal failure. Clin Nephrol. 1999;51:233–241
  14. Loughrey CM, Young IS, Lightbody JH, et al. Oxidative stress in haemodialysis. QJM. 1994;87:679–683
  15. Ceballos-Picot I, Witko-Sarsat V, Merad-Boudia M, et al. Glutathione antioxidant system as a marker of oxidative stress in chronic renal failure. Free Radic Biol Med. 1996;21:845–853
  16. Witko-Sarsat V, Friedlander M, Nguyen KT, et al. Advanced oxidation protein products as novel mediators of inflammation and monocyte activation in chronic renal failure. J Immunol. 1998;161:2524–2532
  17. Ifudu O, Feldman J, Friedman EA. The intensity of hemodialysis and the response to erythropoietin in patients with end-stage renal disease. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:420–425
  18. Movilli E, Cancarini GC, Vizzardi V, et al. Epoetin requirement does not depend on dialysis dose when Kt/N > 1.33 in patients on regular dialysis treatment with cellulosic membranes and adequate iron stores. J Nephrol. 2003;16:546–551
  19. Walsh M, Culleton B, Tonelli M, et al. A systematic review of the effect of nocturnal hemodialysis on blood pressure, left ventricular hypertrophy, anemia, mineral metabolism, and health-related quality of life. Kidney Int. 2005;67:1500–1508
  20. Sitter T, Bergner A, Schiffl H. Dialysate related cytokine induction and response to recombinant human erythropoietin in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2000;15:1207–1211
  21. Molina M, Navarro MJ, Palacios ME, et al. [Importance of ultrapure dialysis liquid in response to the treatment of renal anaemia with darbepoetin in patients receiving haemodialysis]. Nefrologia. 2007;27:196–201
  22. Richardson D. Clinical factors influencing sensitivity and response to epoetin. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002;17(Suppl 1):53–59
  23. Richardson D, Bartlett C, Goutcher E, et al. Erythropoietin resistance due to dialysate chloramine: The two-way traffic of solutes in haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1999;14:2625–2627
  24. Roberts TL, Obrador GT, St Peter WL, et al. Relationship among catheter insertions, vascular access infections, and anemia management in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2004;66:2429–2436
  25. Goicoechea M, Caramelo C, Rodriguez P, et al. Role of type of vascular access in erythropoietin and intravenous iron requirements in haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2001;16:2188–2193
  26. Nassar GM, Ayus JC. Infectious complications of old nonfunctioning arteriovenous grafts in renal transplant recipients: A case series. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;40:832–836
  27. Hasper D, Hummel M, Kleber FX, et al. Systemic inflammation in patients with heart failure. Eur Heart J. 1998;19:761–765
  28. Anker SD, Coats AJ. Cardiac cachexia: A syndrome with impaired survival and immune and neuroendocrine activation. Chest. 1999;115:836–847
  29. Niebauer J, Volk HD, Kemp M, et al. Endotoxin and immune activation in chronic heart failure: A prospective cohort study. Lancet. 1999;353:1838–1842
  30. Basile C, Lacour B, Drueke T, et al. Parathyroid function and erythrocyte production in the rat. Miner Electrolyte Metab. 1982;7:197–206
  31. Meytes D, Bogin E, Ma A, et al. Effect of parathyroid hormone on erythropoiesis. J Clin Invest. 1981;67:1263–1269
  32. Rao DS, Shih MS, Mohini R. Effect of serum parathyroid hormone and bone marrow fibrosis on the response to erythropoietin in uremia. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:171–175
  33. Barbour GL. Effect of parathyroidectomy on anemia in chronic renal failure. Arch Intern Med. 1979;139:889–891
  34. Boxer M, Ellman L, Geller R, et al. Anemia in primary hyperparathyroidism. Arch Intern Med. 1977;137:588–593
  35. Zingraff J, Drueke T, Marie P, et al. Anemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Arch Intern Med. 1978;138:1650–1652
  36. Wu SG, Jeng FR, Wei SY, et al. Red blood cell osmotic fragility in chronically hemodialyzed patients. Nephron. 1998;78:28–32
  37. Chow TL, Chan TT, Ho YW, et al. Improvement of anemia after parathyroidectomy in Chinese patients with renal failure undergoing long-term dialysis. Arch Surg. 2007;142:644–648
  38. Urena P, Eckardt KU, Sarfati E, et al. Serum erythropoietin and erythropoiesis in primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism: Effect of parathyroidectomy. Nephron. 1991;59:384–393
  39. Alfrey AC, LeGendre GR, Kaehny WD. The dialysis encephalopathy syndrome. Possible aluminum intoxication. N Engl J Med. 1976;294:184–188
  40. Alfrey AC. Aluminum toxicity in patients with chronic renal failure. Ther Drug Monit. 1993;15:593–597
  41. Kaehny WD, Alfrey AC, Holman RE, et al. Aluminum transfer during hemodialysis. Kidney Int. 1977;12:361–365
  42. Donnelly SM, Ali MA, Churchill DN. Bioavailability of iron in hemodialysis patients treated with erythropoietin: Evidence for the inhibitory role of aluminum. Am J Kidney Dis. 1990;16:447–451
  43. Caramelo CA, Cannata JB, Rodeles MR, et al. Mechanisms of aluminum-induced microcytosis: Lessons from accidental aluminum intoxication. Kidney Int. 1995;47:164–168
  44. Mladenovic J. Aluminum inhibits erythropoiesis in vitro. J Clin Invest. 1988;81:1661–1665
  45. Bia MJ, Cooper K, Schnall S, et al. Aluminum induced anemia: Pathogenesis and treatment in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Kidney Int. 1989;36:852–858
  46. Yaqoob M, Ahmad R, McClelland P, et al. Resistance to recombinant human erythropoietin due to aluminium overload and its reversal by low dose desferrioxamine therapy. Postgrad Med J. 1993;69:124–128
  47. Croizat H, Nagel RL. Circulating cytokines response and the level of erythropoiesis in sickle cell anemia. Am J Hematol. 1999;60:105–115
  48. Casadevall N, Nataf J, Viron B, et al. Pure red-cell aplasia and antierythropoietin antibodies in patients treated with recombinant erythropoietin. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:469–475
  49. Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Lee GH. The fascinating but deceptive ferritin: To measure it or not to measure it in chronic kidney disease?. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;1(Suppl 1):S9–S18
  50. Kinney R. 2005 Annual Report: ESRD Clinical Performance Measures Project. Am J Kidney Dis. 2006;48:S1–S106
  51. KDOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines and Clinical Practice Recommendations for Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 2006;47:S11–S145
  52. Coyne DW, Kapoian T, Suki W, et al. Ferric gluconate is highly efficacious in anemic hemodialysis patients with high serum ferritin and low transferrin saturation: Results of the Dialysis Patients' Response to IV Iron with Elevated Ferritin (DRIVE) Study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;18:975–984
  53. Kapoian T, O'Mara NB, Singh AK, et al. Ferric gluconate reduces epoetin requirements in hemodialysis patients with elevated ferritin. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;19:372–379

 Supported in part by NIH NIDDK 5u01DK071633-02.

PII: S1548-5595(08)00211-5

doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2008.12.004

Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease
Volume 16, Issue 2 , Pages 94-100 , March 2009