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Institute of Medicine of the National Academies: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in the United States. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/books/0309092701/html. Accessed January 23, 2005.
- Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use Among Adults: United States, 2002. Advance Data From Vital and Health Statistics no 343. National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD2004
- The Health Professional’s Guide to Popular Dietary Supplements. (ed 2). American Dietetic Association, Chicago, IL2003
- White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Policy. Final Report: White House Commission on complementary and alternative medicine policy. 2002 (Washington, DC)
- Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990–1997.JAMA. 1998; 280: 1569-1575
- Trends in use of vitamin and mineral supplements in the Unites States.J Am Diet Assoc. 1995; 95: 921-923
- Association between use of unconventional therapies and conventional medical services.JAMA. 1999; 282: 651-656
- Why patients use alternative medicine.JAMA. 1998; 279 (1548–1543)
Food and Drug Administration: Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994. Available at: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/∼dms/dietsuppl.html. Accessed January 23, 2005.
- A survey of herbal product use in a dialysis population in northwest Ohio.J Renal Nutr. 2003; 13: 93-97
- Herbs and supplements in dialysis patients.Semin Dial. 2001; 14: 186-192
- Probiotics and prebiotics.J Renal Nutr. 2002; 12: 76-86
- Therapeutic Research Faculty, Stockton, CA2002: 131-1384 Pharmacist’s Letter/Prescriber’s Letter Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database. (ed 4).
- Biomodulation of the toxic and nutritional effects of small bowel bacterial overgrowth in end-stage kidney disease using freeze-dried Lactobacillus acidophilus.Miner Electro Metab. 1996; 22: 92-96
- Inhibition of the accumulation of uremic toxins in the blood and their precursors in the feces after oral administration of Lebenin, a lactic acid bacterial preparation, to uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis.Nephron. 1996; 74: 349-355
- Physiological investigation of a unique extract of black cohosh (Cimicifugae racemosae rhizome).J Womens Health Gend Based Med. 2002; 11: 163-174
- Cinnamon improves glucose and lipids of people with type 2 diabetes.Diabetes Care. 2003; 26: 3215-3218
- A meta-analysis of chondroitin sulfate in the treatment of arthritis.J Rheumatol. 2000; 27: 205-211
- Glucosamine and chondroitin for treatment of osteoarthritis.JAMA. 2000; 283: 1469-1475
- Intermittent treatment of knee osteoarthritis with oral chondroitin sulfate.Osteoarth Cartil. 2004; 12: 269-276
- Lovastatin decreases coenzyme Q levels in humans.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990; 87: 8931-8934
- Echinaforce and other echinacea fresh plant preparations in the treatment of the common cold. A randomized, placebo controlled double-blind clinical trial.Phytomedicine. 1999; 6: 1-6
- Evaluation of Echinacea for treatment of the common cold.Pharmacotherapy. 2000; 20: 690-697
- A randomized controlled trial of the effect of fluid extract of Echinacea purpurea on the incidence and severity of colds and respiratory infections.Am J Med. 1999; 106: 138-143
- The risk-benefit profile of commonly used herbal therapies: Ginkgo, St. John’s Wort, ginseng, echinacea, saw palmetto, and kava.Ann Intern Med. 2002; 136: 42-53
- Immunomodulation with Echinacea—A systematic review of controlled clinical trials.Phytomedicine. 1994; 1: 245-254
- Effect of n-3 fatty acids on the composition and binding properties of lipoproteins in hypertriglyceridemic patients.Am J Clin Nutr. 2000; 71: 28-35
- Effect of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on fasting and postprandial triaclyglycerol metabolism.Am J Clin Nutr. 2000; 71: 228S-231S
- Effects of fish oil in cyclosporine-treated renal transplant recipients.Transplant Proc. 2000; 32: 2605-2608
- Prophylaxis of hemodialysis graft thrombosis with fish oil.J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002; 13: 184-190
- Benefits of fish oil supplementation for hemodialysis patients.J Am Diet Assoc. 2003; 103: 1174-1177
- Does fish oil lower blood pressure? A meta-analysis of controlled trials.Circulation. 1993; 88: 523-533
- Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on glucose homeostasis and blood pressure in essential hypertension. A randomized, controlled trial.Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123: 911-918
- The effect of fish oil on blood pressure and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in phase I of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention.J Hypertens. 1994; 12: 209-213
- Effects on blood pressure of omega 3 fats in subjects at increased risk of cardiovascular disease.Hypertension. 1993; 22: 371-379
- Dietary α-linolenic acid reduces inflammatory and lipid cardiovascular risk factors in hypercholesterolemic men and women.J Nutr. 2004; 134: 2991-2997
- Garlic for treating hypercholesterolemia.Ann Int Med. 2000; 133: 420-429
- Effect of garlic on total serum cholesterol.Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119: 599-605
- Hypocholesterolemic effect of an enteric-coated garlic supplement.J Am Coll Nutr. 2001; 20: 225-231
- Garlic powder in the treatment of moderate hypelipidemia.J R College Physicians Lond. 1996; 30: 329-334
- Effect of a garlic oil preparation on serum lipoproteins and cholesterol metabolism.JAMA. 1998; 279: 1900-1902
- A meta-analysis of the effect of garlic on blood pressure.J Hypertens. 1994; 12: 463-468
- The efficacy of Gingko biloba on cognitive function in Alzheimer disease.Arch Neurol. 1998; 55: 1409-1415
- American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L) reduces postprandial glycemia in nondiabetic subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Arch Intern Med. 2000; 160: 1009-1013
- The memory enhancing effects of a Ginkgo biloba/Panax ginseng combination in healthy middle-aged volunteers.Psychopharmacology. 2000; 152: 353-361
- A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study on the effect of a standardized ginseng extract on psychomotor performance in healthy volunteers.J Ethnopharmacol. 1986; 16: 15-22
- Green tea and cancer in humans.Nutr Cancer. 1998; 31: 151-159
- Mechanistic findings of green tea as cancer preventive for humans.Proc Soc Exp Bio Med. 1999; 220: 225-228
- Phase I trial of oral green tea extract in adult patients with solid tumors.J Clin Oncol. 2001; 19: 1830-1838
- Gycyrrhetinic acid decreases plasma potassium concentrations in patients with anuria.J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002; 13: 191-196
- Effect of orally administered Shao-Yao-Gan-Cao-Tang (Shakuyaku-kanzo-to) on muscle cramps in maintenance hemodialysis patients.Am J Chin Med. 2003; 31: 445-453
- A prospective study of carotenoid intake and risk of cataract extraction in U.S. men.Am J Clin Nutr. 1999; 70: 517-524
- A prospective study of carotenoid and vitamin A intake and risk of cataract extraction in U.S. women.Am J Clin Nutr. 1999; 70: 509-516
University of Maryland Medical Center/Complementary Medicine: Milk thistle. Available at: http://www.umm.edu/altmed/ConsHerbs/MilkThistlech.html. Accessed January 25, 2005.
- Noni juice (Morinda citrifolia).Am J Kidney Dis. 2000; 35: 310-312
- Effects of a saw palmetto herbal blend in men with symptomatic benign prostatic hypertrophy.J Urol. 2000; 163: 1451-1456
- St. John’s wort for depression: An overview and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.BMJ. 1996; 313: 253-258
- St. John’s wort for depression: A meta-analysis of well-defined clinical trials.J Nerv Ment Dis. 1999; 187: 532-539
- Equivalence of St. John’s wort extract (Ze 117) and fluoxetine: A randomized, controlled study in mild-moderate depression.Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2000; 15: 61-68
- Consumer use of St. John’s wort: A survey on effectiveness, safety, and tolerability.Pharmacotherapy. 2000; 20: 568-574
- Suspected withdrawal syndrome after cessation of St Johns Wort.Ann Pharmacother. 2003; 37: 150
- Hazardous pharamacokinetic interaction of St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) with the immunosuppressant cyclosporin.Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2000; 38: 500-502
- Drug interaction between St. John’s wort and cyclosporine.Ann Pharmacother. 2000; 34: 1014-1016
- The effects of nutritional supplements on the treatment of depression, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia in the renal patient.J Renal Nutr. 1999; 9: 58-62
- Hypervitaminosis A in two hemodialysis patients.Am J Kidney Dis. 1995; 25: 346-349
Farley D: Dietary supplements: making sure hype doesn’t overwhelm science. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/consumer/con00259.html. Accessed December 10, 2004.
Food and Drug Administration: Illnesses and injuries associated with the use of selected dietary supplements. Available at: http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/∼dms/ds-ill.html. Accessed December 10, 2004.
- A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report no. 8.Arch Ophthamol. 2001; 119: 1417-1436
- Probucol and multivitamins in the prevention of restenosis after coronary angioplasty. Multivitamins and Probucol Study Group.N Engl J Med. 1997; 337: 365-372
- Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease.N Engl J Med. 2001; 345: 1583-1592
- Hyperhomocysteinemia in hemodialysis patients.Kidney Int. 2000; 58: 851-858
- Low-dose vitamin B-6 effectively lowers fasting plasma homocysteine in healthy elderly persons who are folate and riboflavin replete.Am J Clin Nutr. 2001; 73: 759-764
- Homocysteine lowering effect of different multivitamin preparations in patients with end-stage renal disease.J Renal Nutr. 2001; 11: 67-72
- Vitamin B6 supplementation can improve peripheral polyneuropathy in patients with chronic renal failure on high-flux haemodialysis and human recombinant erythropoietin.Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2000; 15: 1410-1413
- Effect of vitamin C supplements on urinary oxalate and pH in calcium stone-forming patients.Kidney Int. 2003; 63: 1066-1071
- Intake of vitamins B6 and C and the risk of kidney stones in women.J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999; 10: 840-845
- Randomized, crossover study of the effect of vitamin C on EPO response in hemodialysis patients.Am J Kidney Dis. 2003; 41: 1233-1239
- Vitamin C and E as antioxidants in hemodialysis patients.Int J Artif Organs. 1999; 22: 69-73
- Deficiencies of vitamins in CAPD patients.Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1988; 3: 187-193
- Water soluble vitamins in chronic hemodialysis patients and need for supplementation.Kidney Int. 1993; 43: 1319-1328
- Appropriate vitamin therapy for dialysis patients.Semin Dial. 1997; 10: 272-277
- Erythropoietin and oxidative stress in haemodialysis.Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1997; 12: 2312-2317
- Secondary prevention with antioxidants of cardiovascular disease in end stage renal disease (SPACE).Lancet. 2000; 356: 1213-1218
- Meta-analysis.Ann Intern Med. 2005; 142: 37-46
- Improvement of uremic hypogeusia by zinc.Am J Clin Nutr. 1980; 33 (1571–1521)
- Zinc supplementation at conventional doses does not improve the disturbance of taste perception in hemodialysis patients.J Renal Nutr. 2003; 13: 224-228
- Comparison of natural product use between primary care and nephrology patients.Ann Pharmacother. 2004; 38: 1169-1172
- Advising patients who seek alternative medical therapies.Ann Intern Med. 1997; 127: 61-69